Modelling the Semantic Web using a Type System

We present an approach for modeling the Semantic Web as a type system. By using a type system, we can use symbolic representation for representing linked data. Objects with only data properties and references to external resources are represented as terms in the type system. Triples are represented symbolically using type constructors as the predicates. In our type system, we allow users to add analytics that utilize machine learning or knowledge discovery to perform inductive reasoning over data. These analytics can be used by the inference engine when performing reasoning to answer a query. Furthermore, our type system defines a means to resolve semantic heterogeneity on-the-fly

Considerations regarding price in oligopolistic structured markets

Economists report price rigidity in markets with oligopolistic structures, while explaining the phenomenon. If an oligopolistic firm raises prices, other prices will remain stable in oligopolistic firms, so we will see a significant decrease in sales volume in the firm which increased prices. To avoid this situation an oligopolistic company will not initiate price increases. If oligopolistic firms lower prices, other oligopolistic firms will reduce prices promptly and the result will be that of lower volume of sales - will sell the same physical volume of goods but at a lower price. To avoid this situation, the company will not initiate oligopolistic price decreases

Perspectives on Caucasus Issues

From 29 March to 1 April 2000 several Humanitarian Non- Governmental Organizations, based in the Former Soviet Union (FSU) and calling themselves the Caucasus Forum, met to discuss humanitarian issues in the northern Caucasus. The goal of their conference was to define the issues facing the region and to develop

A Survey of Islamic Fundamentalist Activism in Central Asia and the Caucasus

This survey of regional elites, conducted in November of 2001, concludes that the goals of the region’s Islamic fundamentalist groups include mobilization of Islamic faithful into radical activities, planning for sabotage of US military operations, and working to overthrow secular regimes

Rapidly Rotating Fermi Gases

We show that the density profile of a Fermi gas in rapidly rotating potential will develop prominent features reflecting the underlying Landau level like energy spectrum. Depending on the aspect ratio of the trap, these features can be a sequence of ellipsoidal volumes or a sequence of quantized steps.Comment: 4 pages, 1 postscript fil

Encyclopedia of Jihad

The Western powers are the chief targets of a global Islamic jihad. Once believed to be a relic of history, the notion of Islamic jihad regained a political role in the 1980s. There are multiple meanings of the term jihad. While “great jihad” implies peaceful activity “small jihad” denotes the use of violence. There has never been a war in which Christians and Muslims have participated where the latter has not appealed to the slogan of holy war. The failure of Iran’s “white revolution” in 1979 set the stage for development of violent strategies against the West. The Chechen conflict is an isolated instance of separatism rather than a part of a “world Jihad”, as the Russian political establishment maintains

Dependencies and Simultaneity in Membrane Systems

Membrane system computations proceed in a synchronous fashion: at each step all the applicable rules are actually applied. Hence each step depends on the previous one. This coarse view can be refined by looking at the dependencies among rule occurrences, by recording, for an object, which was the a rule that produced it and subsequently (in a later step), which was the a rule that consumed it. In this paper we propose a way to look also at the other main ingredient in membrane system computations, namely the simultaneity in the rule applications. This is achieved using zero-safe nets that allows to synchronize transitions, i.e., rule occurrences. Zero-safe nets can be unfolded into occurrence nets in a classical way, and to this unfolding an event structure can be associated. The capability of capturing simultaneity of zero-safe nets is transferred on the level of event structure by adding a way to express which events occur simultaneously